Lamiaecae family plants: a rich source of phenolic compounds
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Herbal teas, particularly infusions with both medicinal and nutritional purposes, have a long history of traditional uses among different cultures and regions [1]. The family Lamiaceae is an important medicinal plant family that is widely used in traditional medicine as a cure for various disorders [2]. In order to characterize and study the bioactivities of individual plant species of that family, three different plant species were selected: Melissa officinalis, L. (leaves), Mentha spicata L. (inflorescences), and Prunella vulgaris L. (leaves). Infusions were prepared from each plant species being further analyzed in terms of nutritional value, phenolic composition, and bioactive properties. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through two different in vitro assays: inhibition of lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay (OxHLIA). The cytotoxic activity was assayed using MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung carcinoma), HeLa(cervical carcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) human tumor cell lines, and also in a non-tumour cell line (porcine liver primary cells, PLP2). The phenolic profile was accessed through and UPLC-DAD-ESI/MS system. M. officinalis presented a high percentage of carbohydrate with sucrose being the predominant free sugar and no macronutrients were found in P. vulgaris infusion. Regarding phenolic compounds’ composition, the major detected compound in the three infusions was rosmarinic acid. Regarding, the bioactive properties, P. vulgaris and M. officinalis presented the best results for TBARS and OxHLIA assays, respectively. M. spicata showed the best anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic properties, with lowest GI50 values for all the tumour cell lines tested. None of the infusions revealed hepatotoxicity for non-tumour cells (PLP2). In general, M. spicata also presented the strongest antimicrobial activity. Thus, the complete characterization of these individual species confirms that they are excellent sources of bioactive molecules, especially phenolic acids.
