Bioactivities and GC-MS characterization of Cupressus Sempervirens L. and Rosmarinus Officinalis L. essential oils
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Bio-based products will play an increasingly important role in the transition towards a green and circular economy that will reduce fossil-based products consumption. 1
The European Project “BeonNat” aims at developing different bio-based products from underutilised shrubs and trees, which will be used as raw-materials for the bio-based industries. Within this scope, Cupressus sempervirens L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. were selected for evaluation. In this work, the essential oil of C. sempervirens (common cypress) and R. officinalis (rosemary) cultivated in Spain, were characterized for their chemical composition and potential biological properties. The assessment of
antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of the essential oils were evaluated. The GC-MS analysis enabled the identification of 85% of total compounds in common cypress and 94% in rosemary. The major compounds were α-pinene, 3-carene, cedrol, limonene and terpinolene for C. sempervirens and α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, camphene and β-myrcene for R. officinalis essential oils. From a qualitative point of view, the obtained results are in good agreement with the data
available from the literature, considering the genetics and environment variations that may occur. 2,3 Both samples showed antibacterial activity against a panel of bacteria selected according to their importance in public health, highlighting R. officinalis that revealed the strongest activity for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Concerning the antioxidant
activity, reducing power and cellular antioxidant assays were performed. The cypress essential oil presented an EC50 value of 1.518±0.004 mg/mL using reducing power assay and a % of oxidation inhibition of 73% with cellular antioxidant assay, while rosemary essential oil showed an EC50 value of 3.12±0.01 mg/mL using reducing power assay and 84 % of oxidation inhibition according to cellular antioxidant assay, evidencing that both samples revealed capacity to inhibit the oxidation process. The
tested essential oils showed anti-inflammatory (IC50 value of 11±1 μg/mL and 20±1 μg/mL for C. sempervirens and R. officinalis, respectively) and cytotoxic activity, with best results being obtained for C. sempervirens essential oil on the inhibition of breast, MCF-7, (GI50 value of 62±6 μg/mL) and lung cancer, NCI-H460, (GI50 value of 14±1 μg/mL) cell lines. After screening the essential oils for their bioactivities, the results revealed that essential oils from common cypress and rosemary are a potential and natural source of bioactive substances to use in food, cosmetic and medicinal industry, encouraging the valorisation of underexplored resources.
Bio-based products will play an increasingly important role in the transition towards a green and circular economy that will reduce fossil-based products consumption. 1
The European Project “BeonNat” aims at developing different bio-based products from underutilised shrubs and trees, which will be used as raw-materials for the bio-based industries. Within this scope, Cupressus sempervirens L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. were selected for evaluation. In this work, the essential oil of C. sempervirens (common cypress) and R. officinalis (rosemary) cultivated in Spain, were characterized for their chemical composition and potential biological properties. The assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of the essential oils were evaluated. The GC-MS analysis enabled the identification of 85% of total compounds in common cypress and 94% in rosemary. The major compounds were α-pinene, 3-carene, cedrol, limonene and terpinolene for C. sempervirens and α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, camphene and β-myrcene for R. officinalis essential oils. From a qualitative point of view, the obtained results are in good agreement with the data available from the literature, considering the genetics and environment variations that may occur. 2,3 Both samples showed antibacterial activity against a panel of bacteria selected according to their importance in public health, highlighting R. officinalis that revealed the strongest activity for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Concerning the antioxidant activity, reducing power and cellular antioxidant assays were performed. The cypress essential oil presented an EC50 value of 1.518±0.004 mg/mL using reducing power assay and a % of oxidation inhibition of 73% with cellular antioxidant assay, while rosemary essential oil showed an EC50 value of 3.12±0.01 mg/mL using reducing power assay and 84 % of oxidation inhibition according to cellular antioxidant assay, evidencing that both samples revealed capacity to inhibit the oxidation process. The tested essential oils showed anti-inflammatory (IC50 value of 11±1 μg/mL and 20±1 μg/mL for C. sempervirens and R. officinalis, respectively) and cytotoxic activity, with best results being obtained for C. sempervirens essential oil on the inhibition of breast, MCF-7, (GI50 value of 62±6 μg/mL) and lung cancer, NCI-H460, (GI50 value of 14±1 μg/mL) cell lines. After screening the essential oils for their bioactivities, the results revealed that essential oils from common cypress and rosemary are a potential and natural source of bioactive substances to use in food, cosmetic and medicinal industry, encouraging the valorisation of underexplored resources.
