Flavonoid composition and in vitro anti-proliferative activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp
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Garcinia mangostana L., known as mangosteen, is a tropical fruit belonging to the Clusiaceae family, native
from South Asia but can also be found in other tropical territories, such as South America [1,2,3]. The fruit
comprises an inedible dark purple epicarp (> 60%) that encases an edible succulent pulp [2]. Nowadays,
mangosteen pulp and pericarp have been used in beverages as food supplement by virtue of the traditional
knowledge about its health benefits. However, correlation studies between the folk medicine usage and its
chemical composition are scarce in the literature [2,3]. Aiming to elucidate part of the chemical composition,
the present study carried out the determination of the main flavonoids, including anthocyanin compounds,
present in mangosteen pericarp by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a diode array
detector and mass spectrometry by electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn). Furthermore, the
cytotoxicity effects of its hydroethanolic extracts were evaluated on four human tumor cell lines (NCI-H460
- lung carcinoma, MCF-7 - breast carcinoma, HepG2 - hepatocellular carcinoma, and HeLa - cervical
carcinoma) by the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.
Mangosteen pericarp presented nine non-anthocyanin flavonoid compounds, most of which belonging to
the procyanidin class (seven compounds), one taxifolin derivative (taxifolin-O-rhamnoside, found in low
concentrations), and one quercetin derivative (quercetin-3-O-rutinose, found in trace amounts). Regarding
the anthocyanin flavonoids compounds group, two were found and tentatively identified as cyanidin-Odihexoside
and delphinidin-O-dihexoside. Regarding the total amount of flavonoids, the extracts presented
53 ± 1 mg of non-anthocyanin flavonoids/g of extract, 3.66 ± 0.02 mg of anthocyanins/g of extract.
Concerning the cytotoxic activity, the hydroethanolic extracts presented activity against all tumor cell lines
studied (GI50 < 75 μg/mL).
The results obtained from the present study showed that mangosteen pericarp could be an interesting natural
source of high added value and bioactive compounds, with the potential to the applied in several industrial
fields including pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, among others.
