The use of wild fruits of Fragaria vesca L. in preparations with bioactive properties: chemical characterization, antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities
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Wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca L., belongs to Rosaceae family and is commonly found
in roadsides and slopes [1]. The most consumed parts of this plant are its sweet small fruits,
which constitute a source of vitamins and phenolic compounds, being also used in infusions due
to their organoleptic properties and for the treatment of some intestinal disorders [2, 3]. In the
present work, F. vesca fruits were evaluated for their nutritional value and further used in the
preparation of infusions. The chemical composition of the fruits and corresponding infusions
was determined in terms of soluble sugars, organic acids, tocopherols, folates (by HPLC
coupled to different detectors), phenolic compounds (by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS) and mineral
elements (atomic absorption spectroscopy). Some of these bioactive compounds were correlated
with antioxidant and antibacterial properties evaluated either in infusions as also in
hydromethanolic extracts. Carbohydrates were the main macronutrients in the fruits, followed
by fat and proteins. Regarding the fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids showed higher
prevalence, mainly due to the presence of D-linolenic (Cl8:3n3) and y-linolenic (Cl8:3n6)
acids. Sucrose and citric acid were, respectively, the main sugar and organic acid found in the
fruits and in its infusions. The microelement found in higher amounts in both samples was
manganese, while potassium and calcium were the macroelements present in higher levels in
the fruits and infusions, respectively. Both samples presented folates and tocopherols, being ytocopherol
the main isoform detected in the fruits, while a-tocopherol was the only isoform
quantified in the infusion. The hydromethanolic extract prepared from the fruits gave higher
antioxidant and antibacterial activities, namely against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, than the infusion; it also showed capacity to inhibit the formation of bacterial
biofilm. Both bioactivities are highly correlated with the presence of phenolic compounds, in
which the major are ellagic acid derivatives (sanguiin hlO) followed by tlavan 3-ols ((+)catechin)
and anthocyanin compounds (pelargonidin-3-glucoside). Although fruits of wild F.
vesca are mainly consumed in fresh, this study also proves the potentiality of their infusions as
a source of bioactive molecules and properties.
Wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca L., belongs to Rosaceae family and is commonly found in
roadsides and slopes [1]. The most consumed parts of this plant are its sweet small fruits,
which constitute a source of vitamins and phenolic compounds, being also used in
infusions due to their organoleptic properties and for the treatment of some intestinal
disorders [2, 3].
