Immunostimulatory polysaccharides from the hot water extracts of prickled broom (P. tridentatum (L.) Willk) dried inflorescences
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The decoctions of prickled broom (Pterospartum trídentatum (L.) Willk.) dried
inflorescences have claimed beneficial properties for various health disorders [1, 2]. These
can be assigned to several constituents, among them, the polysacharides. In order to
unveil the contribution of the polysacharides and their structural features to the modulation
of the innate immune activity, the hot water extracts from P. tridentatum dried
inflorescences were prepared and fractionated by ethanol precipitation and anion
exchange chromatography. A fraction that mainly contained pectic polysaccharides and
acetylated galactomannans was isolated. This fraction evidenced in vitro
immunostimulatory activity without compromising cellular viability, as evidenced by the
increase registered in the nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages. This activity
decreased 60-75% after saponification, confirming that acetylation is an important
structural feature for this biological property. In addition, the treatment of pectic
polysaccharides with endo-polygalacturonase showed that type-1 and type-11
arabinogalactans, as well as low molecular weight galacturonans and xyloglucans, may
also contribute to macrophage NO production.
Thus, the polysaccharides present in the dried inflorescences of P. trídentatum may
contribute to the health beneficial properties frequently attributed to the decoctions of this
plant.
