Metabolomic approach to assess the effect of the foraging year on the anti-elastase activity of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L.
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Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L. is a wild edible parasitic plant on numerous members of the Cistaceae family. Although
its bioactive properties were potentially attributed to its hydrolysable tannin content, its chemical composition is
largely unknown, and the bioactive substances have not yet been identified [1,2]. Thus, this work aimed to
investigate its potential to inhibit human elastase, an important anti-ageing mechanism. The plant material was
collected in Castro Daire, Portugal, from the host species Halimium lasianthum (Lam.) Greuter on the same calendar
date in June for three consecutive years (2018, 2019, and 2020). Metabolomic- based analytical techniques were
applied to disclose the discriminating features of the anti-elastase activity of nine hydroethanolic extracts (three per
year). The discriminating features among samples were identified using a multivariate PLS-DA of the LC-HRMS
data. Dereplication of the discriminating metabolites obtained from the loadings plot revealed that year-one had
the best inhibitory activity with IC50s of 13 to 22 μg/mL and were comprised of high molecular weight
compounds ranging between 500 and 950 Da. However, the second-year collection exhibited a significant decrease
in the biological activity of 120 to 128 μg/mL indicating the occurrence of low molecular weight compounds between
150 and 300 Da. Year three gave IC50s of 74 to 109 μg/mL. This study offers an evidential hypothesis on the effect of
annual environmental changes on the chemical profile of a parasitic plant. Albeit, the relative abundance of the
discriminating features was minimal, it was significant enough to affect the anti-elastase bioactivity of the extracts
