Antioxidant Activity, Antiproliferative Activity, Antiviral Activity, NO Production Inhibition, and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils and Crude Extracts of Leaves, Flower Buds, and Stems of Tetradenia riparia
The chemical composition of extracts (CEs) and essential oils (EOs) from Tetradenia riparia
leaves, flower buds, and stems was analyzed. Antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines, NO
production inhibition, and antioxidant and antiviral activities were assessed. The CEs contained
flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, and saturated fatty acids. The EOs included monoterpenes,
oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. NO production inhibition ranged from 76 to 247 μg mL−1,
and antiproliferative activity exhibited GI50 between 20 and >204 μg mL−1, with low cytotoxicity
(SI: 1.08 to 4.75). Reactive oxygen species inhibition ranged from 45 to 82%. Antioxidant activity
varied when determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (IC50: 0.51
to 8.47 mg mL−1) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.35 to 0.81 μM ferrous sulfate per mg).
The reduction in β-carotene–linoleic acid co-oxidation varied between 76.13 and 102.25%. The total
phenolic content of CEs and EOs was 10.70 to 111.68 μg gallic acid mg−1. Antiviral activity against
herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) showed an EC50 between 9.64 and 24.55 μg mL−1 and an SI
between 8.67 and 15.04. Leaf EOs exhibited an EC50 of 9.64 μg mL−1 and an SI of 15.04. Our study
unveils the diverse chemical composition and multifaceted pharmacological properties of T. riparia,
demonstrating its potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.
