Thermal regulation has assumed a central role in space expeditions ever since the inception of Sputnik-1 in 1957.
Throughout the years, numerous techniques have been developed to regulate temperatures in spacecraft and
space habitats. Initially, passive systems like heat shields and thermal linings were employed, while newer
missions embrace active cooling using fluids like ammonia and water. With significant advancements in lunar
exploration, thermal management systems have been integrated to ensure effective heat protection and dissipation.
Experiments carried out in drop towers, parabolic flights, sounding rockets, and aboard the International
Space Station (ISS) have yielded valuable insights into the physics of fluids, pool boiling, boiling in two-phase
flow, and cooling phenomena. However, conducting tests in microgravity conditions can lead to lower performances,
and accurate numerical simulations remain a challenge. At present, various organizations are conducting
research to drive progress in thermal management and enhance the technology of space devices. This
review describes the most recent advances in two-phase fluid experiments in microgravity. Furthermore, the
major challenges that persist in this field are presented and discussed, along with observations on trends and
possibilities for the future of thermal control in space. This review attempts to be a relevant guide for future
research and developments on thermal control in space.
