Biological properties of Hypericum sampsonii and Hypericum japonica: comparison of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities
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Hypericum was famous in ancient times for its properties, morphology, and adaptability. Currently, it
has naturalized in practically all parts of the world from America to Australia. It is considered a
cosmopolitan species present on all five continents. Hypericum is the largest genus of the
Hypericaceae family (more than 500 species classified in 36 taxonomic sections). The study of these
ethnomedicinal plants has been developed mainly and traditionally in China where there are more
than 64 species, of which 19 have been related to the presence of phytochemicals with anti-tumor,
anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidepressant, analgesic, or neuroprotective properties, among
others [1]. Remarkably, the great potential of these species has hardly been scientifically evaluated
[2].
In this study, the comparison and study of the different biological properties of the species Hypericum
japonica and Hypericum sampsonii was carried out. Cellular antioxidant activity was evaluated with
murine macrophage cells, with both species showing 77±5% inhibition at a maximum tested
concentration of 2,000 μg/mL. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated on both food contaminants and
clinical bacteria and fungi. MIC and MBC were determined by colorimetric assay, where 10 μL of liquid
was added from each well that showed no color change was plated on solid medium, blood agar (7%
sheep blood) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, respectively. Ampicillin and Steptomicin were used for
all bacteria tested and Methicillin was also used for Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC results showed
that H. japonica has a higher antimicrobial effect on Gram-negative bacteria and in Enterococcus
faecalis. While H. sampsonii showed a more effective power for the rest of Gram-positive tested
bacteria. The antifungal activity was performed applying the method described by Heleno et. al., 2013,
using Aspergillus brasiliensis and A. fumigatus and using Ketoconazole as positive control, showing no
activity for both species [3]. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied using six cell lines (CaCo2, MCF-7,
NCl-460, PLP2, RAW 264.7) and Ellipticine as a control in all but RAW 264.7 where Dexamethasone
was used. For all cell lines, both Hypericum species showed lower GI50 than the control, being H.
japonica the one with higher anti-inflammatory effect of the two extract samples. This study is the
first to provide more information on the bioactivities of two less-analyzed Hypericum species
