Potential vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in olive groves, almond orchards and vineyards in Trás-os-Montes region, Portugal
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resumo
Xylella fastidiosa, was recently detected in Portugal (January 2019), this
phytopathogenic bacterium is a threat to important crops of agricultural interest. It is
transmitted by xylem-feeding insects that belong to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha.
However, the knowledge about these insects in Portugal is scarce. In this context, the
goal of this work was to identify the frequency and biodiversity of Auchenorrhyncha
in Trás-os-Montes region, Portugal. For that, in 2018, in Trás-os-Montes region, five
olive groves, five almond orchard and five vineyards with ground cover were sampled
for adults of Auchenorrhyncha, during three distinct periods (beginning of July, midSeptember and mid-October). Sampling was performed in the ground and in the
aerial part of the plants. In each sampling date, 10 samples of 10 sweepings were
collected on the ground in each orchard and vineyard. On the aerial part of the
orchards 10 samples of 4 sweeping in 6 trees were collected and in the vineyard 10
samples of 50 sweepings were collected. A total of 3741 adults of Auchenorrhyncha
were recovered on the three sampling dates. From these, 949 were Fulgoromorpha
and 2792 Cicadomorpha, being the highest abundance observed in the beginning of
July. In general, the vineyards presented the higher number of individuals of the
Cicadomorpha and the olive orchards presented the smaller number of individuals of
this infraorder. However, almond orchards presented the higher abundance of
confirmed vectors of X. fastidiosa, 16 individuals belonging to the genus
Neophilaenus and seven individuals of the genus Philaenus in the three periods. The
higher number Philaenus individuals was observed in mid-October on the vegetation
cover.
