Lexicology, as the science of the lexicon of a language, is a recent discipline, having
resulted, however, from a long tradition initiated by the thought of the philosophers of
ancient Greece, who reflected on the origin of language and on the dialectic between
thought and language and on how languages represent the world, but that was only formatted
and validated as science in the second half of the twentieth century. The aim of this
work is to demonstrate the main theoretical-methodological mutations of lexicology in
the last half century, which led to its assertion as a science, and to describe some lexical
onthologies that led to the development of databases for many languages in the world.
