Evaluation of biological activity and optimization of lavender essential oil extraction (Lavandula angustifolia L.)
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Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are an important source of natural products, which have gained importance as
alternatives in the prevention and treatment of diseases, besides being used as raw material for various industries [1].
Lavandula angustifolia L. is one of the most famous aromatic and medicinal plants [2]. Due to its composition, the essential
oil of L. angustifolia is reported to have analgesic, sedative, antiseptic, diuretic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and
antioxidant properties [3].
In this sense, the lavender essential oil was obtained by two different methodologies, conventional hydrodistillation by
clevenger apparatus according to the European Pharmacopoeia, and non-conventional, microwave-assisted
hydrodistillation, in which an experimental design was carried out to optimize the process. The optimal point was obtained
by a Response Surface Methodology (RSM), using three variables, namely, Time (minutes),Temperature (ºC), and Power
(W) to obtain high contents of linalool and linalool acetate, for which biological activities, such as antimicrobial, have been
described.
The oils obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, verifying the predominance of
oxygenated monoterpenes (79.5-86.4%), with linalool (30.2-29.99%) and linalool acetate (25.6-37.7%) as the main
compounds.
Antioxidant activity was evaluated through three in vitro methodologies, namely reducing power (RP), 2,2-diphenyl-1
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). Furthermore, cytotoxicity activity
was evaluated by the sulforhodamine B method, and antimicrobial activity was tested by the microdilution method.The
results obtained show that lavender essential oil exhibits an excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial
activity, with particularly interesting results for fungistatic activity. Among the obtained essential oils, the microwave
extracts rich in linalool and the extract obtained by clevenger hydrodistillation showed the best results for DPPH and PR
assays, while no significant differences were obtained for the cellular antioxidant activity assay and anti-inflammatory
activity. The extract obtained by clevenger showed better performance in antimicrobial activity. The oils showed cytotoxic
activity for liver cells at the maximum concentration tested, and no toxicity was observed for the concentrations presenting
anti-inflammatory activity.
